Penning process

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• Penning trap — Penning traps are devices for the storage of charged particles using a constant static magnetic field and a spatially inhomogeneous static electric field. This kind of trap is particularly well suited to precision measurements of properties of… …   Wikipedia

• Penning ionization — is a form of chemi ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms and/or molecules. [Penning, F. M. Die Naturwissenschaften , 1927, 15, 818. Über Ionisation durch metastabile Atome. ] cite journal |author=Arango CA,… …   Wikipedia

• Canadian Penning Trap Mass Spectrometer — The Canadian Penning Trap Mass Spectrometer (CPT) is one of the major pieces of experimental equipment that is installed on the ATLAS superconducting heavy ion linac facility at the Physics Division of the Argonne National Laboratory. It was… …   Wikipedia

• Electron — For other uses, see Electron (disambiguation). Electron Experiments with a Crookes tube first demonstrated the particle nature of electrons. In this illustration, the profile of the cross shaped target is projected against the tube face at right… …   Wikipedia

• Pressure measurement — The construction of a bourdon tube gauge, construction elements are made of brass Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum. Instruments used to measure pressure are called pressure gauges or vacuum gauges. A… …   Wikipedia

• Antimatter — For other uses, see Antimatter (disambiguation). Antimatter …   Wikipedia

• Geuzen medals — Geuzen or Beggar’s (also Sea Beggar‘s) Medals were coined during the early days of the Dutch Revolt and the first half of the Eighty Years War in the 16th century. During that period a lot of medals, tokens and jetons with a political message… …   Wikipedia

• vacuum technology — Introduction       all processes and physical measurements carried out under conditions of below normal atmospheric pressure. A process or physical measurement is generally performed in a vacuum for one of the following reasons: (1) to remove the …   Universalium

• Timeline of low-temperature technology — and cryogenic technology (Refrigeration down to (–150 °C, –238 °F or 123 K) and cryogenics [ [http://www.springerlink.com/content/k468837771683266/ Low temperature technology] ] Timeline1000s* 1000s Avicenna invented the refrigerated coil, which… …   Wikipedia

• Ion source — An ion source is an electro magnetic device that is used to create charged particles. These are used primarily within mass spectrometers or particle accelerators.Mass spectrometry In mass spectrometry, an ion source is a piece of equipment used… …   Wikipedia

• RFQ Beam Coolers — RFQ stands for Radio Frequency Quadrupole (also known as a Quadrupole mass analyzer when used as a mass filter), an instrument that is used in mass spectrometry. The RFQ was invented by Prof. Wolfgang Paul in the late 50 s / early 60 s at the… …   Wikipedia